Archaeology - Pitchstone Waters

Restoring Biodiversity - 7/29/2025

How to rebuild a burned forest. A hugely significant discovery which offers a new perspective on the earliest human occupation. And more...

Resources

Archaeologists Found 11,500-Year-Old Tools That Reveal an Incredible Human Adventure

They took a one-way ticket through Doggerland

Our Philosophy

Physical Evidence of Pleistocene Extinctions: A New Component Added"

This paper presents findings from the inspection of multiple late Pleistocene sites in the Pacific Northwest.

Elk

Giant Irish Elk: The Largest Deer To Ever Live | Extinct Animals Documentary

Known as the "Giant Deer", the Irish Elk was last seen nearly 11,000 years ago.

Wild Horses

Wild Horses: Nature’s Survivors in North America

Quoting the experts in the film below: “With the reintroduction of wild horses, do we treat them as an exotic species or have we merely returned a native to its homeland?”

Yellowstone

The Lost History of Yellowstone: “The Big Myth About Yellowstone is That It’s a Pristine Wilderness Untouched by Humanity.

Archaeological research supports and complements the tribal oral histories, and also reaches back further in time.

"Invasion Biology"

The Late Pleistocene of the Mojave Desert, the Peopling of the Americas, and Terminal Pleistocene Extinctions

“As discussed in the paper below, recent discoveries indicate that humans arrived in North America thousands of years earlier than previously thought. If so, this earlier dating of the beginning of human hunting of American wildlife would explain the human role in the catastrophic loss of wildlife known as the

Ancient DNA Discovery Reveals Woolly Mammoths, Wild Horses Survived Thousands of Years Longer Than Believed

Archaeology

Wild Horses ARE North American Natives

As reported and discussed below, there is breakthrough new science on the issue of wild horses. This is big news because the assumption that wild horses and burros are “exotic” or “invasive” species has driven their mismanagement for the last 50 years. Those assumptions are used to justify the wildlife,

Ancient Footprints

Discovery Sets New Date for Earliest Trek in Americas

“According to the scientists quoted below, new fossil discoveries are “… pushing back (the estimated earliest dates of) human occupation of the Americas to before the Ice Age. People are having to revise their ideas of the first peopling of the Americas.” Below there are links to reports posted on this

Archaeology

When Scientists Studied Infants’ Skeletons, They Discovered Ancient Secrets Locked Inside Their DNA

This article contains interesting insights that address two big questions: First, when did humans arrive in North America? And second, would the global climate, as the popular understanding maintains, be stable if humans weren’t using fossil fuels? The date of human arrival on this continent is steadily being pushed

Archaeology

In the Bones of a Buried Child, Signs of a Massive Human Migration to the Americas

“Most likely, people were in Alaska by 20,000 years ago, at least,” say the scientists conducting the study reviewed below. This conclusion contradicts the accepted view that humans arrived in North America around 10,000 BC. Recent findings in far-West Texas also suggest earlier dates. In our own Circle

Ancient Spearpoints

Discovery of Ancient Spearpoints in Texas Has Some Archaeologists Questioning the History of Early Americas

It seems as if every month brings fresh archaeological evidence to push back the dates of human arrival in North America. NOTE: this article was originally published to Gizmodo.com on October 24, 2018. It was written byGeorge Dvorsky. Archaeologists have discovered two previously unknown forms of spearpoint technology at

"Invasion Biology"

Did Humans Live in California 100,000 Years Earlier Than We Thought?

At our Circle Ranch Indian Cave, Arizona State University found charcoal that radiocarbon dating says is 25,000-years older than the 10,000 BC date which most scientists say is when humans arrived in North America. This extraordinary date change would be small compared to what is discussed below. NOTE:

"Invasion Biology"

Eyewitness Account of Pronghorn, Bison, Elk, & Mule Deer Sharing Desert Ranges

According to invasive species believers, including TPWD, bison and elk should be removed from our state parks and wildlife management areas because they don’t belong and because they “compete” with, and “harm” desert bighorn sheep and pronghorn. Here is an eyewitness account of these species sharing range in the

Archaeology

Possible Evidence of Human Habitation in Far-West Texas 35,000-Years Ago

It is well-accepted that the earliest human habitation in North America dates to about 12,000-years ago. What if that date is wrong by at least 23,000-years?! Recently, the Debra L. Friedkin site, a Pre-Clovis, Paleoindian and Archaic period site located in the alluvial floodplain of Buttermilk Creek in

Archaeology

Sacaton, Cows and Fire

A characteristic of high-desert Southwestern grasslands are draws filled with Giant Sacaton (Sporoblus wrightii). These majestic grass plants cover millions of acres in far-West Texas and New Mexico. At Circle we have several sacaton draws. They encompass thousands of acres. “Circle Ranch is in Hudspeth County, Texas in the high-desert

American Lion

Circle Ranch Indian Cave

At Circle Ranch we have what may be the most important unexplored cave dwelling in far-West Texas: A large cave which occurs in one of our limestone escarpments. It is about 200-feet above the desert floor and 100 feet below the escarpment top. The cave measures roughly 80’ by 80’

Archaeology

Interim Dig Report and Photos: February 8, 2010

From Lead Archeologist Javi Vasquez...

Circle Ranch Cave Dwelling

This large cave is about 80′ x 80′, head-height, and was used by indians for thousands of years.